As políticas de ações afirmativas e a atuação da comissão de heteroidentificação como instrumento de garantia para o acesso de negros e negras no curso de medicina da UFGD (2013-2020)

Abstract

This research has as its theme the Affirmative Action Policy with a racial focus in federal institutions of higher education, with a focus on the system that reserves vacancies for self-declared black students regulated by Law No. 12.711/2012, altered by Law No. 13.409/2016, in the Medical School at the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), located in the city of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The time frame of the research covers the period from 2013 to 2020. The study approaches Critical Studies on race based on post-colonial studies. The thesis of this research is the following: is the prevision of a complementary procedure to self-declaration called hetero-identification for the vacancies reserved for black people a valid instrument to ensure access to the target audience provided for in the system of racially reserved vacancies? The general objective was to analyze the affirmative action policy for the access of black people to the Medicine course at UFGD during the period 2013-2020. Specific objectives: to contextualize the process of formulation of racially-oriented affirmative action policies in Brazilian higher education; to identify the actions, strategies, and criteria adopted by UFGD in the process of implementing the affirmative action policy; determine the number of vacancies offered by modality and sub quota in relation to competition; occupation; race/color composition, school origin, gender, age; show the impact of the misuse of self-declarations in the 2013-2018 period to reduce the effectiveness of the PAA with racial focus; demonstrate the dual role of the hetero identification committee as a mechanism for improving the policy to prevent the misuse of self-declarations and ensure access of black people to reserved vacancies through Law No. 12.711/2012. The case study was chosen as the research methodology. The research instruments were: bibliographic research, documentary research, quantitative exploratory analysis, interviews, and Content Analysis. The results of the research show that the UFGD reserved the percentage of vacancies determined by law, however, did not implement a control mechanism for filling self-declaration for the vacancies reserved for the black population in the period from 2013 to 2018. The absence of a control instrument has opened the door for the improper use of self-declaration, which has generated a misuse of the policy's purpose. In parallel, there was the interpretative practice of law operators, who interdicted the right to a vacancy of those who are beneficiaries by delaying the existence of the commission and reversing the decision of dismissals after the investigation of complaints. This has impacted the racial composition of the course, as well as failing to include the target public of the policy. The average impact calculated for 2016, 2017, and 2018 regarding the improper use of self-declaration in the vacancies reserved for black, brown, and indigenous people was 22%. Even with the existence of the phenomenon of self-declaration misuse, it is noteworthy that there was an increase in the percentage of self-declared black people in the course from 2013 to 2020. The existence of a hetero-identification committee contributes to the effectiveness of affirmative action policies in the Medical School at UFGD. It was found that most black students entered the Medical School through the racial sub-quota, which reveals that without the policy, this population would continue to be under-represented in the Medical School. In the non-racial sub-quota, those who enter are mostly Caucasian, which reveals the need for the continuity of the policy with a racial approach.